What is Annual Report: Definition & Meaning Explained

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term assets or holdings which fall under the current assets of a business. Cash and cash equivalents have very high liquidity. When you take the term literally, you have two components:

Cash: money like cash holdings in a bank account, petty cash, and others
Cash equivalents: assets or investments like T-bills, commercial paper, and others that have a short maturity which can easily be converted into cash

Cash Conversion Cycle

A Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) tells you how many days it will take to convert a company’s inventory or resources into cash. The formula for Cash Conversion Cycle is:

Cash Conversion Cycle = (DIO + DSO) – DPO

DIO: Days Inventory Outstanding is the average number of days it takes for a company to turn inventory into cash through sales
DSO: Days Sales Outstanding is the average number of days it takes for a company to collect its receivables
DPO: Days Payable Outstanding is the average number of days it takes fo a company to fulfil its obligations or payables

Equity Market

The Equity Market is a place where shares are traded, money is raised, and stock is offered to investors. That's why it is divided into two categories:

Primary Market: An equity market where shares are offered to investors for the first time through IPOs while fundraising also happens through private placements.
Secondary Market: An equity market where shares, bonds, futures, options, more are traded

The primary market is typically over the counter but may be regulated in the case of exchange traded IPOs. The secondary market is often well-regulated as most securities listed are exchange traded.

Flipping

Flipping is the act of buying and selling an asset quickly to make a profit. The term is commonly used in real estate where an investor buys a property and sells it within a short span of time, say days or weeks, to make a quick buck.

The real estate investor may flip the property after making small improvements to it, thereby increasing the chance of making potentially lucrative returns. Flipping is also a term used to describe an investor’s actions during an IPO.

For example, let’s assume Mr. Apple invests in the IPO of Juice & Co. and intends to sell the shares days or weeks after the company’s stock is available on the secondary market.

The stock soars on the first day of listing, right at the opening bell, and Mr. Apple sells. In such a case, Mr. Apple will have earned potential profits by flipping IPO shares.

Annual Report

Annual Report

Definition of Annual Report

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Index Futures

Cash Conversion Cycle

Equity Market

Acid Test Ratio

Flipping